- A. Knoesen, M. G. Moharam, and T. K. Gaylord. ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPAGATION AT INTERFACES AND IN WAVEGUIDES IN UNIAXIAL CRYSTALS: SURFACE IMPEDANCE/ADMITTANCE APPROACH. Appl Phys. B, 38: 171-178, 1985.
- A. Knoesen, N. F. Hartman, T. K. Gaylord, and C. C. Guest. MINICOMPUTER INTERFACE FOR MAGNETO-OPTIC SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATOR. Rev. Sci. Instrum, 58(10): 1843-1851, 1987.
- A. Knoesen, T. K. Gaylord, and M. G. Moharam. HYBRID GUIDED MODES IN UNIAXIAL DIELECTRIC PLANAR WAVEGUIDES. J. Lightwave Technol, 6(6): 1083-1104, 1988.
- T. K. Gaylord and A. Knoesen. PASSIVE INTEGRATED OPTICAL ANISOTROPY-BASED DEVICES. J. of Mod. Optics, 35(6): 925-946, 1988.
- A. Knoesen, M. A. Mortazavi, S. T. Kowel, A. Dienes, and B. G. Higgins. CORONA-ONSET POLING OF NONLINEAR MOLECULARLY DOPED FILMS. Proceedings of Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials Topical Meeting of the Optical Society of America, 109: 244-247, 1988.
- R. H. Selfridge, T. K. Moon, P. Stroeve, J. Y. S. Lam, S. T. Kowel, and A. Knoesen. SHG IN LANGMUIR/BLODGETT NONLINEAR FILM COATED FIBERS. SPIE, 971: 197-205, 1988.
- A. Dienes, Y. Peng, and A. Knoesen. GROUP VELOCITY DISPERSION IN ASYMMETRIC SLAB GUIDES. Applied Optics, 28: 12-14, 1989.
- M. A. Mortazavi, A. Knoesen, S. T. Kowel, B. G. Higgins, and A. Dienes. SECOND-HARMONIC GENERATION AND ABSORPTION STUDIES OF POLYMER-DYE FILMS ORIENTED BY CORONA-ONSET POLING AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (See also A5). Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 6(4): 733-741, 1989.
- M. A. Mortazavi, D. Yankelevich, A. Dienes, A. Knoesen, S. T. Kowel and S. Dijaili. HARMONIC GENERATION WITH ULTRASHORT PULSES USING NONLINEAR POLED POLYMERIC THIN FILMS. Applied Optics, 28(15): 3278-3280, 1989.
- C. A. Eldering, S. T. Kowel, and A. Knoesen. ELECTRICALLY INDUCED TRANSMISSIVITY MODULATION IN POLYMERIC THIN FILM FABRYPEROT ETALONS. Applied Optics, 28(20): 4442-4445, 1989.
- T. J. Rehg, J. A. Ochoa-Tapia, A. Knoesen, and B. G. Higgins. SOLGEL DERIVED TANTALUM PENTOXIDE FILMS AS ULTRAVIOLE ANTIREFLECTIVE COATINGS FOR SILICON. Applied Optics, 28(24): 5215-5221, 1989.
- C. A. Eldering, S. T. Kowel, A. Knoesen, B. L. Anderson, and B. G. Higgins. CHARACTERIZATION OF MODULATED SPIN-COATED AND LANGMUIR-BLODGETT THIN FILM ETALONS. Thin Solid Films, 179: 535-542, 1989.
- A. Dienes, D. Yankelevich, M. A. Mortazavi, A. Knoesen, and S. T. Kowel. CORONA ONSET POLED POLYMERIC FILMS FOR ULTRASHORT PULSE NONLINEAR OPTICS. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Nonlinear Optical Polymers for Soldier Survivability, U. S. Army Natick Research, 86-104, 1989.
- J. M. Hoover, R. A. Henry, G. A. Lindsay, M. A. Mortazavi, A. Knoesen, S. T. Kowel, and L. M. Hayden. CORONA-ONSET POLING OF NEW SIDE-CHAIN POLYMERS FOR OPTICAL SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Nonlinear Optical Polymers for Soldier Surviviability, U. S. Army Natick Research, 31-35, 1989.
- G. Lindsay, J. Hoover, A. Knoesen, M. Mortazavi, and S. T. Kowel. RELAXATION OF ORDERED SIDE CHAINS NEAR THE GLASSRUBBER TRANSITION TEMPERATURE. Polymer Preprints, 31(1): 255-256, 1990.
- A. Dienes, Y. Peng, and A. Knoesen. GROUP VELOCITY DISPERSION IN DEPRESSED INDEX TYPE PLANAR WAVEGUIDES. Applied Optics, 29(12): 1722-1724, 1990.
- R. A. Henry, J. M. Hoover, A. Knoesen, S. T. Kowel, G. A. Lindsay, and M. A. Mortazavi. SYNTHESIS AND SECOND-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NEW COUMAROMETHACRYLATEMETHYLMETH- ACRYLATE COPOLYMERS. Advanced Organic Solid State Materials, Proceedings of the Materials Research Society Symposium, 173: 601-606, 1990.
- T. Morita, B. G. Higgins, A. Knoesen, and S. T. Kowel. POLING STUDIES ON COMPOSITION MODULATED NONLINEAR POLYMERIC THIN FILMS. Proceedings of the Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Phenomena and Devices Conf., IEEE 90CH2905, 202-203, 1990.
- C. A. Eldering, A. Knoesen, and S. T. Kowel. CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMERIC ELECTRO-OPTIC FILMS USING METAL MIRROR/ELECTRODE FABRY-PEROT ETALONS. Proceedings of the SPIE 1990 International Symposium on Optical and Optoelectronic Applied Science and Engineering, 1337: 348-357, 1990.
- C. A. Eldering, A. Knoesen, and S. T. Kowel. USE OF FABRY-PEROT DEVICES FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMERIC ELECTROOPTIC FILMS (See also A19). Journal of Applied Physics, 69(6): 3676-3686, 1990.
- D. R. Yankelevich, A. Dienes, A. Knoesen, R. W. Schoenlein, C. V. Shank, and G. A. Lindsay. GENERATION OF 315 nm, FEMTOSECOND PULSES USING A POLED COPOLYMER FILM. Proceedings of the Conference on Lasers and Electronics, 602-603, 1991.
- A. Knoesen. A SIMPLE APPROACH TO REFLECTANCE ANALYSIS OF BIREFRINGENT STRATIFIED FILMS. Applied Optics, Optical Technology, 30(28): 4017-4018, 1991.
- A. Knoesen, N. E. Molau, D. R. Yankelevich, M. A. Mortazavi, and A. Dienes. CORONA-POLED NONLINEAR POLYMERIC FILMS: IN SITU ELECTRIC FIELD MEASUREMENT, CHARACTERIZATION AND ULTRASHORT- PULSE APPLICATIONS. International Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics, 1(1): 73-102, 1991.
- D. R. Yankelevich, A. Knoesen, C. A. Eldering, and S. T. Kowel. REFLECTION-MODE POLYMERIC INTERFERENCE MODULATORS. SPIE 1991 Symposium on Optical Applied Science and Engineering, Conference on Information Processing and Laser Metrology-Photopolymers, Reprinted from Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials IV, 1560: 406-415, 1991.
- M. A. Mortazavi, A. Knoesen, S. T. Kowel, R. A. Henry, J. M. Hoover, and G. A. Lindsay. SECOND-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF POLED COUMAROMETHACRYLATE COPOLYMERS . Applied Physics B, 53: 287-295, 1991.
- E. Sidick, A. Knoesen, J. K. Xian, Y. Yeh, and R. J. Baskin. RIGOROUS ANALYSIS OF LIGHT DIFFRACTION BY A STRIATED MUSCLE FIBRE. Proceedings Royal Society of London B, 249: 247-257, 1992.
- G. A. Lindsay, R. A. Henry, J. M. Hoover, A. Knoesen, and M. A. Mortazavi. SUB-Tg RELAXATION BEHAVIOR OF CORONA-POLED NONLINEAR OPTICAL POLYMER FILMS AND VIEWS ON PHYSICAL AGING. Macromolecules, 25: 4888-4894, 1992.
- D. R. Yankelevich, A. Dienes, A. Knoesen, R. W. Schoenlein, and C. V. Shank. GENERATION OF 312 nm, FEMTOSECOND PULSES USING A POLED COPOLYMER FILM. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 28(10): 2398-2403, 1992.
- C. A. Hulse and A. Knoesen. ITERATIVE CALCULATION OF COMPLEX PROPAGATION CONSTANTS OF MODES IN MULTILAYER PLANAR WAVEGUIDES. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 28(12): 2682-2684, 1992.
- M. M. Blouke, M. D. Nelson, M. Serra, A. Knoesen, B. G. Higgins, W. A. Delamere, G. Womack, J. S. Flores, M. Duncan, and R. Reed. RECENT ADVANCES IN SHORT WAVELENGTH AR COATINGS FOR THINNED CCDs. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1656: 497-507, 1992.
- C. Hulse and A. Knoesen. DIFFERENCING SCHEMES FOR DETACHED INTERFACES IN A REGULAR FDTD GRID. Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1988-1992, 1992.
- J. D. Richards, R. Garabedian, C. Gonzalez, A. Knoesen, R. L. Smith, R. Spencer, and S. D. Collins. SURFACE-PLASMON EXCITATION USING A POLARIZATION-PRESERVING OPTICAL FIBER AND AN INDEXMATCHING FLUID OPTICAL CELL. Applied Optics, 32(16): 2901-2906, 1993.
- E. Sidick and A. Knoesen. DESIGN OF DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENTS WITH RIGOROUS DIFFRACTION THEORY. Summaries of papers presented at the Optical Design for Photonics Topical Meeting of the Optical Society of America, Technical Digest Series, 9: 57-60, 1993.
- J. D. Richards and A. Knoesen. POLYMERIC REFLECTION MODULATORS FOR FREE SPACE OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS. Summaries of papers presented at the Integrated Photonics Research Topical Meeting of the Optical Society of America, Technical Digest Series, 10: 68-71, 1993.
- R. Garabedian, C. Gonzales, J. Richards, A. Knoesen, R. L. Smith, R. Spencer, and S. Collins. MICROMACHINED OPTICAL BENCH FOR A SURFACE PLASMON SENSOR. Summaries of papers presented at the Integrated Photonics Research Topical Meeting of the Optical Society of America, Technical Digest Series, 10: 76-79, 1993.
- C. Hulse and A. Knoesen. A UNIFYING FORMULATION OF MATERIAL DISPERSION IN FINITE-DIFFERENCE TIME-DOMAIN SIMULATIONS OF OPTICAL PROBLEMS. Summaries of papers presented at the Integrated Photonics Research Topical Meeting of the Optical Society of America, Technical Digest Series, 10: 132-135, 1993.
- E. Sidick, A. Knoesen, and J. N. Mait. DESIGN AND RIGOROUS ANALYSIS OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY ARRAY GENERATORS. Applied Optics, 32(14): 2599-2605, 1993.
- A. Knoesen. FEMTOSECOND OPTICAL APPLICATIONS OF SECONDORDER NONLINEAR POLYMERIC THIN FILMS (Invited). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Polymers, 40-41, 1993.
- A. Knoesen, E. Sidick, A. Dienes, D. R. Yankelevich, and R. Hill. PHASE DISTORTIONS OF FEMTOSECOND PULSES GENERATED IN MULTILAYER SECOND ORDER NONLINEAR MEDIA (Invited). LEOS93 Conference Proceedings, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 302-303, 1993.
- E. Sidick, R. Hill, A. Dienes, and A. Knoesen. ENHANCED SECOND HARMONIC FEMTOSECOND PULSE GENERATION IN QUASI-PHASEMATCHED THIN FILM STRUCTURES. Proceedings of the Conference of Lasers and Electro-Optics, 8: 421-422, 1994.
- E. Sidick, A. Knoesen, and A. Dienes. ULTRASHORT-PULSE SECONDHARMONIC GENERATION IN QUASI-PHASE-MATCHED DISPERSIVE MEDIA (See also A40). Optics Letters, 19(4): 266-268, 1994.
- D. R. Yankelvich, R. A. Hill, A. Knoesen, M. A. Mortazavi, H. N. Yoon, and S. T. Kowel. POLYMERIC MODULATOR FOR HIGH FREQUENCY OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS (See also A24). IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 6(3): 386-389, 1994.
- E. Sidick, R. J. Baskin, Y. Yeh, and A. Knoesen. RIGOROUS ANALYSIS OF LIGHT DIFFRACTION ELLIPSOMETRY BY STRIATED MUSCLE FIBERS. Biophysical Journal, 68: 2051-2061, 1994.
- C. Hulse and A. Knoesen. DISPERSIVE MODELS FOR THE FINITEDIFFERENCE TIME-DOMAIN METHOD: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, AND IMPLEMENTATION. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 11(6): 1802-1811, 1994.
- R. Garabedian, C. Gonzales, J. Richards, A. Knoesen, R. Spencer, S. D. Collins, and R. L. Smith. MICROFABRICATED SURFACE PLASMON SENSING SYSTEM. Sensors and Actuators A, 43: 202-207, 1994.
- G. A. Lindsay, R. A. Henry, R. Y. Yee, A. P. Chafin, M. D. Seltzer, R. Hill, and A. Knoesen. SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION FROM NEW DYES IN POLYMER FILMS. SPIE: Organic, Metallo-Organic, and Polymeric Materials for Nonlinear Crystal, 2143: 88-98, 1994.
- A. Knoesen, R. A. Hill, E. Sidick, and A. Dienes. FEMTOSECOND OPTICAL APPLICATIONS OF SECOND-ORDER NONLINEAR POLYMERIC THIN FILMS. American Chemical Society Polymer Preprints, 35(2): 210, 1994.
- R. A. Hill, S. A. Hamilton, and A. Knoesen. PREPARATION OF CORONA POLED STRUCTURES FOR ELECTRO-OPTIC CHARACTERIZATION. American Chemical Society Polymer Preprints, 35(2): 293-294, 1994.
- R. A. Hill, A. Knoesen, and M. A. Mortazavi. CORONA POLING OF NONLINEAR POLYMER THIN FILMS FOR ELECTRO-OPTIC MODULATORS. Applied Physics Letters, 65(14): 1733-1735, 1994.
- J. Penczek, I-Wen Chao, R. L. Smith, A. Knoesen, J. E. Davis, and H. W. H. Lee. VISIBLE TO NEAR-INFRARED EMISSION FROM A POROUS SILICON DEVICE. LEOS 94 Conference Proceedings, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, 2: 13-14, 1994.
- E. Sidick, A. Dienes, and A. Knoesen. ULTRASHORT PULSE SECONDHARMONIC GENERATION IN OPTIMIZED NONLINEAR POLYMER THIN FILM STRUCTURES. International Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics, 3(4): 543-563, 1994.
- A. Dienes, E. Sidick, R. A. Hill, and A. Knoesen. SECOND HARMONIC FEMTOSECOND PULSE GENERATION IN NONLINEAR POLYMER THIN-FILM STRUCTURES. Chapter 35 in “Polymers for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics,” G. A. Lindsay and K. D. Singer (Editors), ACS Symposium Series 601, 484-497, 1994.
- J. Penczek, A. Knoesen, H. W. H. Lee, and R. L. Smith. NEARINFRARED EMISSION FROM A POROUS SILICON DEVICE. Proceedings of the Material Research Society Symposium, 358: 641-645, 1995.
- R. A. Hill, S. Dreher, A. Knoesen, and D. R. Yankelevich. REVERSIBLE OPTICAL STORAGE UTILIZING PULSED, PHOTOINDUCED, ELECTRIC-FIELD-ASSISTED REORIENTATION OF AZOBENZENES. Applied Physics Letters, 66(17): 2156-2158, 1995.
- E. Sidick, A. Knoesen, and A. Dienes. ULTRASHORT-PULSE SECONDHARMONIC GENERATION. I. TRANSFORM-LIMITED FUNDAMENTAL PULSES. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 12(9): 1704-1712, 1995.
- E. Sidick, A. Dienes, and A. Knoesen. ULTRASHORT-PULSE SECONDHARMONIC GENERATION. II. NON-TRANSFORM-LIMITED FUNDAMENTAL PULSES. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 12(9): 1713-1722, 1995.
- R. J. Twieg, V. Y. Lee, R. D. Miller, C. R. Moylan, W. Volksen, A. Knoesen, R. A. Hill, and D. R. Yankelevich. PHOTOCHEMICAL STABILITYY AND PERFORMANCE OF SECOND ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICAL CHROMOPHORES AND POLYMERS. Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications, Technical Digest Series, Optical Society of America and the American Chemical Society, 12: 279-282, 1995.
- R. A. Hill, A. Knoesen, D. R. Yankelevich, and R. Twieg. OPTICALLY INITIATED ORIENTATION OF NONLINEAR PHOTOISOMERS. Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications, Technical Digest Series, Optical Society of America and the American Chemical Society, 454-457, 1995.
- D. R. Yankelevich, R. A. Hill, P. Pretre, A. Knoesen, R. J. Twieg, V. Y. Lee, R. D. Miller, and W. Volksen. ULTRASHORT PULSE PHOTOCHEMICAL DECAY OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL POLYMERS. LEOS ’95, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 1995 8th Annual Meeting. Conference Proceedings Cat. No.95CH35739), New York, NY, IEEE, 2: 341-2, 1995.
- A. Knoesen, E. Sidick, and A. Dienes. ULTRASHORT-PULSE SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION (Invited). In Novel Optical Materials and Applications, I. Khoo, F. Simoni and C. Umeton, John Wiley, 1996.
- E. Sidick, A. Knoesen, and A. Dienes. ULTRASHORT PULSE SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION IN QUASI-PHASE-MATCHED STRUCTURES. Pure and Applied Optics, Part A, 5(5): 709-722, 1996.
- R. A. Hill, G. C. Bjorklund, S. A. Hamilton, D. R. Yankelevich, and A. Knoesen. POLYMERIC IN-LINE FIBER MODULATOR USING NOVEL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES. OFC96. Optical Fiber Communication, Technical Digest Series, Conference Edition IEEE Cat. No.96CH35901, Opt. Soc. America, 2: 166-167, 1996.
- R. A. Hill, G. C. Bjorklund, S. A. Hamilton, D. R. Yankelevich, and A. Knoesen. LOW-DISTORTION, HIGH-SPEED POLYMERIC IN-LINE FIBER MODULATOR (See also A62). CLEO’96 Conference Proceedings, Opt. Soc. America, 332-333, 1996.
- D. R. Yankelevich, A. Knoesen, G. Taft, M. M. Murnane, andH. C. Kapteyn. FREQUENCY-RESOLVED OPTICAL GATING MEASUREMENTS WITH THIN POLED NONLINEAR POLYMERS. Post Conference Edition, Summaries of the Papers Presented at the Topical Meeting Ultrafast Phenomena, Technical Digest Series, Opt. Soc. America, 8: 319-320, 1996.
- A. Knoesen, P. Pretre, L. Wu, D. R. Yankelevich, D. Dyer, R. J. Twieg, G. Taft, M. M. Murnane, and H. C. Kapteyn. MOLECULAR ENGINEERING OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL POLYMER THIN FILMS FOR ULTRASHORT OPTICAL PULSE DIAGNOSTICS. Conference Proceedings of the LEOS 9th Annual Meeting, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 1996 Annual Meeting Cat. No.96CH35895), 1:90-91, 1996.
- A. Knoesen, S. A. Hamilton, D. R. Yankelevich, R. A. Hill, R. T. Weverka, and G. C. Bjorklund. IN-LINE FIBER ELECTRO-OPTIC MODULATORS:DECAL DEPOSITION OF PATCHES OF POLED NONLINEAR POLYMERS. Conference Proceedings, LEOS ’96 9th Annual Meeting, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting (Cat. No.96CH35895), 1: 81, 1996.
- D. R. Yankelevich, P. Pretre, A. Knoesen, G. Taft, M. M. Murnane, H.C. Kapteyn, R. J. Twieg. MOLECULAR ENGINEERING OF POLYMER FILMS FOR AMPLITUDE AND PHASE MEASUREMENTS OF TI:SAPPHIRE FEMTOSECOND PULSES (Expanded version of A64). Optics Letters, Opt. Soc. America, Sept. 15, 21(18): 1487-9, 1996.
- G. Taft, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, D. R. Yankelevich, A. Knoesen, and R. J. Twieg. ULTRASHORT PULSE SECOND-ORDER FREQUENCY RESOLVED OPTICAL GATING USING THIN POLED NONLINEAR POLYMERS. Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications, Maui, HI, 1996.
- A. Knoesen, S. A. Hamilton, D. R. Yankelevich, R. A. Hill, and G. C. Bjorklund. IN-LINE FIBER ELECTRO-OPTIC MODULATOR USING DECAL DEPOSITION OF POLED NONLINEAR POLYMERS. Third International Conference on Organic Nonlinear Optics, Marco Island, 71-72, 1996.
- R. T. Weverka , R.Hill, G. C. Bjorklund S. A. Hamilton, D. R. Yankelevich, and A. Knoesen. LOW DISTORTION HIGH SPEED POLYMERIC IN-LINE FIBER MODULATOR. The Proceedings of the Seventh DARPA Symposium on Photonic Systems for Antenna Applications, 4 pages, 1997.
- S. A. Hamilton, D. R. Yankelevich, A. Knoesen, R. A. Hill, R. T. Weverka, and G. C. Bjorklund. HIGH BANDWIDTH TRAVELING WAVEPOLYMERIC IN-LINE FIBER MODULATOR. CLEO’97Conference Proceedings, Opt. Soc. America, 293, 1997.
- S. A. Hamilton, D. R. Yankelevich, A. Knoesen, R. A. Hill, R. T. Weverka, and G. C. Bjorklund. 18 GHZ TRAVELING WAVE POLYMERIC INLINE FIBER MODULATOR. Conference Proceedings, LEOS ’97 10th Annual Meeting, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 387-388, 1997.
- A. Knoesen, S. A. Hamilton, D. R. Yankelevich, R. T. Weverka, R. A. Hill, and G. C. Bjorklund. HIGH-BANDWIDTH POLYMER IN-LINE FIBER MODULATOR (Invited) (Related to A62, A63, A71). Proceedings of the SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering, Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials X, SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng, 3147: 233-236, 1997.
- G. Taft, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, D. R. Yankelevich, A. Knoesen, and R. J. Twieg. 13 FS FREQUENCY-RESOLVED OPTICAL GATING MEASURMENTS WITH THIN POLED NONLINEAR POLYMERS. Ultrafast Phenomena X, Springer Series in Chemical Physics, Springer Verlag, 62: 167-168, 1997.
- P. Pretre, E. Sidick, A. Knoesen, D. J. Dyer, and R. J. Twieg. OPTICAL DISPERSION PROPERTIES OF TRICYANOVINYLANALINE POLYMER FILMS FOR ULTRASHORT OPTICAL PULSE DIAGNOSITICS. Polymer Preprints, 38(1): 969-970, 1997.
- Z. Sekkat, J. Wood, W. Knoll, W. Volksen, V. Y. Lee, R. D. Miller, and A. Knoesen. DEPENDENCE OF PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF AZO DYE ON THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF VERY HIGH GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE (UP TO 325OC) AZO-POLYIMIDE POLYMERS: ROOM TEMPERATURE LIGHT INDUCED ORIENTATION. Polymer Preprints, 38(1): 977-978, 1997.
- Z. Sekkat, J. Wood, W. Knoll, W. Volksen, R. D. Miller and A. Knoesen. LIGHT-INDUCED ORIENTATION IN AZO-POLYIMIDE POLYMERS 325 OC BELOW THE GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 14(4): 829-833, 1997.
- Z. Sekkat, A. Knoesen, V. Y. Lee, and R. D. Miller. OBSERVATION OF REVERSIBLE PHOTOCHEMICAL “BLOW OUT” OF THE THIRDORDER MOLECULAR HYPERPOLARIZABILITY OF PUSH-PULL AZODYE IN HIGH GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE POLYMIDES. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 101(24): 4733-4739, 1997.
- Z. Sekkat, A. Knoesen, W. Knoll, and R. D. Miller. UNIFICATION OF AZO-POLYMER SYSTEMS BY PHOTO-INDUCED MOLECULAR MOVEMENT. In Sol-Gel and Polymer Photonic Devices, M. P. Andrews and S. I. Nijafi, eds, SPIE Optical Engineering Press, CR68: 374-398, 1997.
- E. Sidick, S. D. Collins, and A. Knoesen. TRAPPING FORCES IN A MULTIPLE-BEAM FIBER-OPTIC TRAP. Applied Optics, 36(25):6423-6433, 1997.
- S. D. Collins, E. Sidick, A. Knoesen, R. J. Baskin. MICROMACHINED OPTICAL TRAP FOR USE AS A MICROCYTOLOGY WORKSTATION. Proceedings of the SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering, (Micro- and Nanofabricated Electro-Optical Mechanical Systems for Biomedical and Environmental Applications) SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng, 2978: 69-74, 1997.
- L.-M. Wu, Ph. Pretre, R. A. Hill and A. Knoesen. CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTRO-OPTIC POLYMER FILMS USING DECAL DEPOSITED REFLECTION FABRY-PEROT MODULATORS. Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications, Technical Digest Series, Optical Society of America and the American Chemical Society, 14: 226-228, 1997.
- S. A. Hamilton, D. R. Yankelevich, A. Knoesen, R. T. Weverka, R. A. Hill, and G. C. Bjorklund. POLYMER IN-LINE FIBER MODULATORS FOR BROADBAND RADIO FREQUENCY OPTICAL LINKS. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 15(2):740-750, 1998.
- P. Pretre, L.-M. Wu, A. Knoesen, and J. D. Swalen. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL POLYMERS: A METHOD OF CALCULATION. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 15(1): 359-368, 1998.
- P. Pretre, L.-M. Wu, R. A. Hill, A. Knoesen. CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTRO-OPTIC POLYMER FILMS USING DECAL DEPOSITED REFLECTION FABRY-PEROT MODULATORS.. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 15(1): 379-392, 1998.
- Z. Sekkat, P. Pretre, A. Knoesen, W. Volksen, V. Y. Lee, R. D. Miller, J. Wood, and W. Knoll. CORRELATION BETWEEN POLYMER ARCHITECTURE AND SUB-GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE LIGHT-INDUCED MOLECULAR MOVEMENT IN AZO-POLYIMIDE POLYMERS: INFLUENCE ON LINEAR, SECOND AND THIRD ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROCESSES. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 15(1): 401-413, 1998.
- Z. Sekkat, A. Knoesen, V.Y. Lee, R.D. Miller. INFLUENCE OF THE POLYMER STRUCTURE ON THE ACHIEVEMENT OF POLAR ORIENTATION IN HIGH GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE NONLINEAR OPTICAL POLYIMIDES BY PHOTO-ASSISTED POLING. Journal of Polymer Science Part B-Polymer Physics, 36(10): 1669-1677, 1998.
- Z. Sekkat, A. Knoesen, V. Y. Lee, R. D. Miller, J. Wood and W. Knoll. POLYMER STRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON SUB-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE LIGHT-INDECUED MOLECULAR MOVEMENT IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE NONLINEAR OPTICAL AZO-POLYIMIDES. Chapter 22 in “ORGANIC THIN FILMS,” C.W. Frank (Editor), ACS Symposium Series 695, 295-314, 1998.
- P. Pretre, E. Sidick, L.-M. Wu, A. Knoesen, D. J. Dyer, and R. J. Twieg. OPTICAL DISPERSION PROPERTIES OF TRICYANOVINLYANILINE POLYMER THIN FILMS FOR ULTRASHORT OPTICAL PULSE DIAGNOSTICS. Chapter 22 in “ORGANIC THIN FILMS,” C.W. Frank (Editor), ACS Symposium Series 695, 328-341, 1998.
- S. A. Hamilton, D. R. Yankelevich, A. Knoesen, R. A. Hill, R. T. Weverka, and G. C. Bjorklund. ULTRAWIDE BANDWITH, LARGE DYNAMIC RANGE FIBER ELECTRO-OPTIC MODULATOR. The Proceedings of the Eighth DARPA Symposium on Photonic Systems for Antenna Applications, 4 pages, 1998.
- E. Mao, C. Coldren, J. S. Harris, D. Yankelevich, A. Knoesen, and O. Solgaard. IN-LINE FIBER OPTIC FILTER USING GAAS ARROW WAVEGUIDE. Conference of Lasers and Electro-optics CLEO’98, OSA Techical Digest Series, Optical Society of America, 6: 424-425, 1998.
- S. A. Hamilton, D. R. Yankelevich, A. Knoesen, R. T. Weverka, R. A. Hill. PROGRESS TOWARD AN EFFICIENT TRAVELING WAVE IN-LINE FIBER ANALOG MODULATOR. Conference Proceedings. LEOS’98. 11thAnnual Meeting, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 1998 Annual Meeting, 2: 89-90, 1999.
- S. A. Hamilton, D. R. Yankelevich, A. Knoesen, R. T. Weverka, R. A. Hill, COMPARISON OF AN IN-LINE ASYMMETRIC DIRECTIONAL COUPLER MODULATOR WITH DISTRIBUTED OPTICAL LOSS TO OTHER LINEARIZED ELECTROOPTIC MODULATORS. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Part 2, 47(7):1184-1193, 1999.
- E. Mao, C. W. Coldren, J. S. Harris Jr.; D. R. Yankelevich, O. Solgaard, A. Knoesen. GAAS/ALGAAS MULTIPLE-QUANTUM-WELL IN-LINE FIBER INTENSITY MODULATOR. Applied Physics Letters, 75(3):310-312, 1999.
- L.-M. Wu, A. Knoesen. ABSOLUTE ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS IN POLYMER FILMS USING PHOTOTHERMAL DEFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY. SPIE Int’l. Soc. Opt. Eng., Proceedings of the SPIE, 3799: 308-311, 1999.
- E. Mao, C. W. Coldren, J. S. Harris, Jr., D. R. Yankelevich, O. Solgaard, A. Knoesen. GaAs/Al/GaAs NARROW BANDWIDTH IN-LINE FIBER FILTER. Proceedings of the SPIE, 3749: 94-95, 1999.
- C. Arft, D. R. Yankelevich, A. Knoesen, E. Mao, J. S. Harris. INLINE FIBER EVANESCENT FIELD ELECTRO-OPTIC MODULATORS. Int’l Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics, 9(1): 79-94, 2000.
- E. Mao, C-C. Lin, O. Solgaard, J. S. Harris, Jr. D. R. Yankelevich, A. Knoesen. NARROW-BAND LIGHT EMISSION IN A SEMICONDUCTORFIBER ASYMMETRIC WAVEGUIDE COUPLER. IEEE International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors, 419-423, 2000.
- E. Mao, D. R. Yankelevich, C. W. Coldren, O. Solgaard, A. Knoesen, and J. S. Harris, Jr. A MULTIPLE QUANTUM-WELL GaAs/AlGaAs IN-LINE FIBER INTENSITY MODULATOR. SPIE Int’l. Soc. Opt. Eng, Proceedings of the SPIE, 3936: 50-57, 2000.
- E. Mao, D. R. Yankelevich, C-C. Lin, O. Solgaard, A. Knoesen, J. Harris, Jr. NARROW-BAND LIGHT EMISSION IN SEMICONDUCTOR-FIBRE Publications 12 ASYMMETRIC WAVEGUIDE COUPLER. Electronics Letters, 36(16): 1378-1379, 2000.
- M. H. Davey, V. Y. Lee, L-.M. Wu, C. R. Moylan , W. Volksen, A. Knoesen, R. D. Miller, and T. J. Marks. ULTRAHIGH-TEMPERATURE POLYMERS FOR SECOND-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICS. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF ROBUST, PROCESSABLE, CHROMOPHORE-EMBEDDED POLYIMIDES. Chemistry of Materials, 12(6): 1679-1693, 2000.
- G. Song, S. Follonier, A. Knoesen, and R. D. Miller. CHARACTERIZATION OF THIN-FILM LOW-DIELECTRIC CONSTANT MATERIALS IN THE MICROWAVE RANGE USING ON-WAFER PARALLEL-PLATE TRANSMISSION LINES. IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, 10(5): 183-185, 2000.
- E. Mao, D. R. Yankelevich, C-C. Lin, O. Solgaard, A. Knoesen, and J.S. Harris, Jr. WAVELENGH-SELECTIVE SEMICONDUCTOR IN-LINE FIBRE PHOTODETECTORS. Electronics Letters, 36(6): 515-516, 2000.
- L.-M. Wu and A. Knoesen. ABSOLUTE ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS OF POLYMER FILMS FOR OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE APPLICATIONS BY PHOTOTHERMAL DEFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY. Journal of Polymer Science, Part B-Polymer Physics, 39(22): 2717-2726, 2001.
- A. Knoesen and L. M. Wu. ABSORPTION OF POLYMERS FOR OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE APPLICATIONS MEASURED BY PHOTOTHERMAL DEFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY (Invited Talk). SPIE Int’l. Soc. Opt. Eng, Proceedings of the SPIE, 4461: 146-148, 2001.
- A. Knoesen, S. Pakalnis, S. Follonier, W. Miller, N. Abbott, N. Lee, and C. Frank. SUM-FREQUENCY SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF THE ALIGNMENT OF LIQUID CRYSTALS ON SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS AND IMAGING OF ENDGRAFTED ALPHA-HELICAL POLYPEPTIDE FILMS (Invited Talk). LEOS 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2: 632-633, 2001.
- J. A. Campbell, A. Knoesen, and D. R. Yankelevich. MEASUREMENT OF THE MODULATION EFFICIENCY OF AN OPTICAL PHASE MODULATOR USING A SELF-HOMODYNE RECEIVER. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 14(9): 1330-1332, 2002.
- A. Knoesen. PHOTOISOMERIZATION IN POLYMER FILMS IN THE PRESENCE OF ELECTROSTATIC AND OPTICAL FIELDS. Chapter 9 in Photoreactive Organic Thin Films, Z. Sekkat and W. Knoll, Eds, Academic Press, Amsterdam, 289-304, 2002.
- S. Follonier, W. J. Miller, N. L. Abbott and A. Knoesen. INFRAREDVISIBLE SUM-FREQUENCY SPECTROSCOPIC CHARAC-TERIZATION OF THE MOLECULAR ORIENTATION OF SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS OF ALKANETHIOLS ON OBLIQUELY DEPOSITED GOLD FILMS. IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37460), 1: 407-408, 2003.
- S. Follonier, W. J. W. Miller, N. L. Abbott, and A. Knoesen. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MOLECULAR ORIENTATION OF SELFASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS OF ALKANETHIOLS ON OBLIQUELY DEPOSITED GOLD FILMS BY USING INFRARED-VISIBLE SUMFREQUENCY SPECTROSCOPY. Langmuir, 19: 10501-10509, 2003.
- A. Knoesen, G. Song, W. Volksen, E. Huang, T. Magbitang, L. Sundberg, J. L. Hedrick, C. J. Hawker, and R. D. Miller. POROUS ORGANOSILICATES LOW-DIELECTRIC FILMS FOR HIGHFREQUENCY DEVICES. Journal of Electronic Materials, 33: 135-140, 2004.
- K. H. Park, R. J. Twieg, R. Ravikiran, L. F. Rhodes, R. A. Shick, D. Yankelevich, and A. Knoesen. SYNTHESIS AND NONLINEAROPTICAL PROPERTIES OF VINYL-ADDITION POLY(NORBORNENE)S. Macromolecules, 37: 5163-5178, 2004.
- Q. Chen, J. McMurdie, D. Roitman, and A. Knoesen. MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINE DIELECTRIC PROBE TO DETECT BIOMOLECULAR SURFACE INTERACTIONS. 26th Annual International Conference IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biological Society, 1990-1994, 2004.
- K. M. Reiser, I. M. Rocha-Mendoza, M. Wang, D. R. Yankelevich, C. Bratton, A. Knoesen, J. C. Lotz, and E. Lieberman. POLARIZATIONMODULATED SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION IMAGING: A NOVEL METHOD FOR QUANTATIVE ASSESSMENT OF DISORGANIZATION IN LAMELLAR RINGS. 26th Annual International Conference IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biological Society, 4982-4985, 2004.
- C. M. Arft and A. Knoesen. AN EFFICIENT FINITE DIFFERENCE FREQUENCY DOMAIN METHOD INCLUDING THIN LAYERS. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 43(1): 40-44, 2004.
- Q. Chen, D. Roitman and A. Knoesen. TIME DOMAIN TRANSMISSION LINE DIELECTRIC PROBE FOR DETECTION OF BIOMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS. Proceedings SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng, 5591: 198-204, 2004.
- A. Knoesen, S. Pakalnis, M. Wang, W. D. Wise, N. Lee and C. W. Frank. SUM-FREQUENCY SPECTROSCOPY AND IMAGING OF ALIGNED HELICAL POLYPEPTIDES. Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 10(5): 1154-1162, 2004.
- C. M. Arft and A. Knoesen. ALTERNATIVES TO THE PERFECTLY MATCHED LAYER FOR WAVEGUIDE SIMULATION USING THE FDFD METHOD. Electromagnetics, 25(3): 177-186, 2005.
- C. M. Arft and A. Knoesen. AN EFFICIENT FINITE-DIFFERENCE FREQUENCY DOMAIN-METHOD FOR WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURES INCLUDING THIN CURVED LAYERS. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 48(3): 453-457, 2006.
- Q. Chen, D. Roitman and A. Knoesen. TRANSIT TIME COPLANAR PROBE FOR BIOMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS AT AN AQEOUSSOLID INTERFACE. Sensors and Actuators A, 133(2): 480-485, 2007.
- M. Wang and A. Knoesen. ROTATION AND SCALE INVARIANT TEXTURE FEATURES BASED ON SPECTRAL MOMENT INVARIANTS. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 24(9): 2550-2557, 2007.
- I. Rocha-Mendoza, D. R. Yankelevich, M. Wang, K. M. Reiser, C. W. Frank and A. Knoesen. SUM FREQUENCY VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY: THE MOLECULAR ORIGINS OF THE OPTICAL SECOND-ORDER NONLINEARITY OF COLLAGEN. Biophysical Journal, 93(12): 4433-4444, 2007.
- K. M. Reiser, C. Bratton, D. R. Yankelevich, A. Knoesen, I. Rocha- Mendoza and J. Lotz. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL DISORDER IN INTERVERTEBRAL DISKS USING SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION IMAGING COMPARISON WITH MORPHOMETRTIC ANALYSIS. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 12(6): 064019/1-17, 2007.
- M. Wang, K. M. Reiser and A. Knoesen. SPECTRAL MOMENT INVARIANT ANALYSIS OF DISORDER IN POLARIZATIONMODULATED SECOND-HARMONIC GENERATION IMAGES OBTAINED FROM COLLAGEN ASSEMBLIES. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 24(11): 3573-3586, 2007.
- A. Knoesen, D. R Yankelevich, I. Rocha-Mendoza,M. Wang, K. M Reiser and Curt W Frank. WHAT WAS THAT GREEN VISUAL SENSATION? 10th International Conference on Organic Nonlinear Optics, 12 – 13, 2008.
- A. Knoesen. MOLECULAR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SECOND ORDER NONINEARITY IN SINGLE AND TRIPLE HELICAL PROTEIN SUPRAMOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES (INVITED). First Int’l Workshop on Advanced Nano- and Biomaterial, Romania, 1 page, 2009.
- Q. Chen, D. Roitman and A. Knoesen. DETECTION OF BIOMOLECULAR SURFACE INTERACTIONS BY TRANSIT TIME MEASUREMENTS WITH A COPLANAR TRANSMISSION LINE PROBE. Sensors and Actuators A-Physical, 152: 151-159, 2009.
- A. Knoesen. SECOND ORDER OPTICAL NONLINEARITY IN SINGLE AND TRIPLE HELICAL PROTEIN SUPRAMOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES (INVITED) Nonlinear Optics and Quantum Optics, 38(4): 213-225, 2009.
- X. Wang, M. Jefferson, P. C. D. Hobbs, W. P. Risk, B. E. Feller, R. D. Miller and A. Knoesen. SHOT-NOISE LIMITED DETECTION FOR SURFACE PLASMON SENSING. Optics Express, 19(1): 107-117, 2011.
- K. Reiser and A. Knoesen. PARAMETRIC NONLINEARITY IN PLANT POLYSACCHARIDES: A NEW HARVEST (Galley Proof). Nonlinear Optics and Quantum Optics, 42, 203-232, 2011.
- Klaus Kruttwig, Diego R. Yankelevich, Chantal Brueggemann, Chuqiao Tu, Noelle L’Etoile, André Knoesen and Angelique Y. Louie, REVERSIBLE LOW-LIGHT INDUCED PHOTOSWITCHING OF CROWNED SPIROPYRAN-DO3A COMPLEXED WITH GADOLINIUM(III) IONS Molecules 17, 6605-6624, 2012; doi:10.3390/molecules17066605
- B.E. Feller, V.R. Deline, J. Bass, A. Knoesen and R.D. Miller. MESOPOROUS ORGANOSILLICATE FILMS USING CROSS-LINKED MICELLE PORE GENERATORS. Chemistry of Materials, 25(12): 2441-2449, 2013.
- B. E. Feller, V.R. Deline, J. Bass, A. Knoesen, R. D. Miller, HOMOGENEOUS SURFACE OXIDATION OF ORGANOSILICATES BY CONTROLLED COMBUSTION OF ADSORBED FUELS: A FACILE METHOD FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE PROCESSING, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 5(18): 9075-9087, 2013.
- A. Knoesen and R. Amirtharajah. PROGRAMMING IN MATLAB. Zyante; Online Interactive Textbook, 2013.
- N. L. Shrake,R. Amirtharajah,C. Brenneman, R. Boulton and A. Knoesen. IN-LINE MEASUREMENT OF COLOR AND TOTAL PHENOLICS DURING RED WINE FERMENTATIONS USING A LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE SENSOR. 65(4): 462-470, 2014. (2014 Best Enology Paper Award)
- A. Edgcomb, F. Vahid, R. Lysecky, A. Knoesen, R. Amirtharajah, and M.L. Dorf. STUDENT PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT USING INTERACTIVE TEXTBOOKS: A THREE-UNIVERSITY CROSS-SEMESTER ANALYSIS.Proceedings of ASEE Annual Conference, 2015 (Best Paper Award)
- N. M Madrid, D. J Killeen, R. B. Boulton and A. Knoesen. WEB-BASED WIRELESS SENSOR SYSTEM FOR REMOTE AIR ENVIRONMENT MONITORING IN A COMMERCIAL WINERY. Proceedings: Healthy Buildings 2015 America, Boulder, CO, July 19-22, 4 pages, 2015.
- N. M Madrid, D. J Killeen, A. Knoesen, D. Mills and R. B. Boulton. WIRELESS MONITORING OF THE INDOOR AIR ENVIRONMENT IN A WINERY DURING HARVEST. Proceedings: Healthy Buildings 2015 America, Boulder, CO, July 19-22, 4 pages, 2015.
- J.C. Zhou, B. Feller, B. Hinsberg, G. Sethi, P. Feldstein, J. Hihath, E. Seker, M. Marco, A. Knoesen, R. Miller. IMMOBILIZATION-MEDIATED REDUCTION IN MELTING TEMPERATURES OF DNA–DNA AND DNA–RNA HYBRIDS: IMMOBILIZED DNA PROBE HYBRIDIZATION STUDIED BY SPR. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 481: 72–79, 2015.
- Brianna Myers, Jaskaran Atwal, Chai Yang, Lisa Brown, Soheil Ghiasi, Andre Knoesen. TOWARDS DATA-DRIVEN PRE-OPERATIVE EVALUATION OF LUNG CANCER PATIENTS: THE CASE OF THE SMART MASK. IEEE Wireless Health Conference, October 2016.
- N. M. Madrid, R. Boulton, A. Knoesen, Remote monitoring of winery and creamery environments with a wireless sensor system, Volume 119, pages 128-139, 2017.
- K. Reiser, P. Stoller, A. Knoesen, Three-Dimensional Geometry of Collagenous Tissues by Second Harmonic Polarimetry Scientific Reports 7, Article number: 2642, 2017.
PATENTS
- A. Knoesen D. Yankelevich, S. A. Hamilton, N. L. Abbott, R. A. Hill, G. C. Bjorklund, “In-Line Polymer Construct for Modulators, Filters, Switches and Other Electro-Optic Devices,” Patent Number 5,854,864, 1998.
- A. Knoesen, D. Yankelevich, S. A. Hamilton, N. L. Abbott, R. A. Hill, G. C. Bjorklund, “In-Line Polymer Construct for Modulators, Filters, Switches and Other Electro-Optic Devices,” Patent Number 6,047,095 (divisional patent to 5,854,864), 2000.
- Robert E. Feller, Andre Knoesen, Robert D. Miller. Ultrasensitive biological and chemical detection using surface plasmon resonance. U.S. patent US20130110467 A1 filed Oct 28, 2011, issued May 2, 2013.
- Andre Knoesen, Paul Feldstein, Joshua Hihath, Erkin Seker, Mario L. Marco, Bryce Falk. RNA-based, amplification-free organism identification using nano-enabled electronic detection. U.S. Patent Application PCR/US2013/063496 filed Oct 4, 2013.